传统中的现代解析--泉州南建筑博物馆设计纪实

要如何在传统地区进行现代建筑的设计，是人们关注已久的问题，汲取传统地区的地域文化、符号、材料、技术等元素，经过抽象与转化，体现于本地区现代建筑的传承手法，将会为地域文化在建筑中的全新现提供新的途径。结合实际工程泉州南建筑博物馆三轮方案的进程，重点阐述在地区特色强烈的泉州地区博物馆方案的设计思想以及在设计的过程中设计师与业主之间对如何表达泉州特色进行的种种来回的沟通与探讨，并最终希望通过此方案的设计过程表明该如何在设计方与业主之间取得最终的共识上的进一步的认识。     

沿江山地城市景观照明设计理念及方法探究

城市景观照明是提升城市形象，促进旅游经济发展的重要策略。沿江山地城市特有的地域特征及空间形态不仅为创建山水园林式的景观照明风格提供了良好的条件，同时，又对景观照明设计师提出了新的挑战。对此，本文根据沿江山地城市的特点，从地域性及人文性方面对景观照明设计理念进行了探讨，并结合光度学及色度学的基本原理对景观照明中的亮化分级和光色分层进行了应用和理论分析，并提出了创建立体化城市夜景的新概念。文中针对沿江山地城市景观照明设计中易出现的问题，提出了科学的解决方法，以防止因生搬硬套，盲目效仿等不良设计风气所造成的负面效应。该文以突出绿色照明思想为中心，强调了技术与艺术的结合，为创意独具特色的沿江山地城市景观照明风格提供了应用和理论依据。     

京沈清文化遗产廊道研究初探

提出创立“京沈清文化遗产廊道”。这条廊道全长600多km,是由50余处重要的历史节点构成,其中列入世界文化遗产保护名录6处,国家重点文物保护单位12处,省级文物保护单位18处。创立并保护“京沈清文化遗产廊道”,既是保护这条线性文化景观遗产的需要,也是在城市化背景下建设高效和前瞻性生态基础设施的需要,同时更是进一步开展文化旅游的需要。尤其在我国对遗产廊道这种遗产保护方法还没有引起足够重视的今天,创立一条具有我国特色的遗产廊道更具有重要意义。     

The behaviour of phosphate, nitrate, chloride and hardness in twelve welsh rivers

Selected water quality data from 12 rivers in the area administered by the Welsh Water Authority were analysed for the period 1974–1981. Mean nitrate-nitrogen concentrations varied from 0.4 to 3.7 mg l⁻¹ and were significantly related to the intensity of average catchment run-off; mean orthophosphate-phosphorus concentrations ranged from the limit of analytical detection to 0.730 mg l⁻²; chloride from 11 to 42 mg l⁻¹ and total hardness (as CaCO₃) from 13 to 173 mg l⁻¹. Seasonal patterns of change in concentration were established, generally for all determinands at most sites, but no long-term trends were detected. Relationships between concentration and flow were established for most determinands at many sites, increasing flow generally resulting in decreased concentration. However, positive relationships between nitrate concentration and flow were established at seven sites. Mass flows (kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) were calculated at nine sites only: nitrate-N 4.8–24.6; orthophosphate-P 0.16–3.81; chloride 79–334; total hardness (as CaCO₃) 196–1629. Orthophosphate flows were related to sewered population density, estimates of per capita and land drainage contributions being 1.9 g day⁻¹ and 0.112 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ respectively.     

Occurrence and seasonal variations of Giardia in wastewater and river water from Al-Jinderiyah region in Latakia,Syria

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the occurrence and concentration of Giardia cysts in wastewater and river water samples in Al-Jinderiyah region, Latakia, Syria. A total of 120 samples were collected between October 2016 and October 2017 from influent and effluent of Al-Jinderiyah Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) and from three contaminated river water sites. Samples were concentrated and subjected to microscopic examination. The results show that the concentrations of cysts ranged from 0 to 297 cysts/L in wastewater samples. The overall removal efficiency of cysts in the activated sludge WWTP was 84.35%. The concentrations of cysts ranged from 0 to 128.52 cysts/L in river water samples. The highest concentration in river water was recorded near the raw wastewater discharge point. Seasonal variations of Giardia cysts concentration were significant, and the highest concentrations were recorded in the rainy season. The results suggest that Giardia may pose a public health risk in the studied region.     

基于网络口碑大数据的城市步行与自行车交通廊道选线规划--以北京市海淀区为例

通过大数据分析城市公共服务空间对公众出行的影响是步行和自行车交通廊道选线规划的重要步骤。已有研究主要聚焦空间分布规律展开分析,对公共设施服务能力内在差异性考虑较少。引入网络口碑大数据,通过口碑分值表征城市公共服务空间的吸引力,在此基础上构建基于网络口碑大数据的城市步行和自行车交通廊道选线规划思路,并以北京市海淀区为例展开实证分析。结合最小累积阻力模型和网络分析法等方法,最终构建由商业综合、休闲娱乐、生活服务3类廊道组成的步行和自行车交通廊道网络。网络口碑大数据兼具空间分布和口碑质量的双重属性,能够帮助规划者和决策者立足区域视角识别与量化部分类型公共服务设施的内在差异性,其支撑下的步行和自行车交通廊道规划更加强调公众使用满意度对选线过程的影响,在未来城市交通规划领域有较好的应用前景。     

Long-range effect of cyanide on mercury methylation in a gold mining area in southern Ecuador

Small-scale gold mining in Portovelo-Zaruma, Southern Equador, performed by mercury amalgamation and cyanidation, yields 9-10 t of gold/annum, resulting in annual releases of around 0.65 t of inorganic mercury and 6000 t of sodium cyanide in the local river system. The release of sediments, cyanide, mercury, and other metals present in the ore such as lead, manganese and arsenic significantly reduces biodiversity downstream the processing plants and enriches metals in bottom sediments and biota. However, methylmercury concentrations in sediments downstream the mining area were recently found to be one order of magnitude lower than upstream or in small tributaries. In this study we investigated cyanide, bacterial activity in water and sediment and mercury methylation potentials in sediments along the Puyango river watershed, measured respectively by in-situ spectrophotometry and incubation with ³H-leucine and ²⁰³Hg²⁺.Free cyanide was undetectable (< 1 μg·L^− 1) upstream mining activities, reached 280 μg·L^− 1 a few km downstream the processing plants area and was still detectable about 100 km downstream. At stations with detectable free cyanide in unfiltered water, 50% of it was dissolved and 50% associated to suspended particles. Bacterial activity and mercury methylation in sediment showed a similar spatial pattern, inverse to the one found for free cyanide in water, i.e. with significant values in pristine upstream sampling points (respectively 6.4 to 22 μgC·mg wet weight^− 1·h^− 1 and 1.2 to 19% of total ²⁰³Hg·g dry weight^− 1·day^− 1) and undetectable downstream the processing plants, returning to upstream values only in the most distant downstream stations. The data suggest that free cyanide oxidation was slower than would be expected from the high water turbulence, resulting in a long-range inhibition of bacterial activity and hence mercury methylation. The important mercury fluxes resultant from mining activities raise concerns about its biomethylation in coastal areas where many mangrove areas have been converted to shrimp farming.     

Exposure and effects assessment of persistent organohalogen contaminants in arctic wildlife and fish

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) encompass an array of anthropogenic organic and elemental substances and their degradation and metabolic byproducts that have been found in the tissues of exposed animals, especially POPs categorized as organohalogen contaminants (OHCs). OHCs have been of concern in the circumpolar arctic for decades. For example, as a consequence of bioaccumulation and in some cases biomagnification of legacy (e.g., chlorinated PCBs, DDTs and CHLs) and emerging (e.g., brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and in particular polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanic acid (PFOA) found in Arctic biota and humans. Of high concern are the potential biological effects of these contaminants in exposed Arctic wildlife and fish. As concluded in the last review in 2004 for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) on the effects of POPs in Arctic wildlife, prior to 1997, biological effects data were minimal and insufficient at any level of biological organization. The present review summarizes recent studies on biological effects in relation to OHC exposure, and attempts to assess known tissue/body compartment concentration data in the context of possible threshold levels of effects to evaluate the risks. This review concentrates mainly on post-2002, new OHC effects data in Arctic wildlife and fish, and is largely based on recently available effects data for populations of several top trophic level species, including seabirds (e.g., glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus)), polar bears (Ursus maritimus), polar (Arctic) fox (Vulpes lagopus), and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), as well as semi-captive studies on sled dogs (Canis familiaris). Regardless, there remains a dearth of data on true contaminant exposure, cause-effect relationships with respect to these contaminant exposures in Arctic wildlife and fish. Indications of exposure effects are largely based on correlations between biomarker endpoints (e.g., biochemical processes related to the immune and endocrine system, pathological changes in tissues and reproduction and development) and tissue residue levels of OHCs (e.g., PCBs, DDTs, CHLs, PBDEs and in a few cases perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs)). Some exceptions include semi-field studies on comparative contaminant effects of control and exposed cohorts of captive Greenland sled dogs, and performance studies mimicking environmentally relevant PCB concentrations in Arctic charr. Recent tissue concentrations in several arctic marine mammal species and populations exceed a general threshold level of concern of 1 part-per-million (ppm), but a clear evidence of a POP/OHC-related stress in these populations remains to be confirmed. There remains minimal evidence that OHCs are having widespread effects on the health of Arctic organisms, with the possible exception of East Greenland and Svalbard polar bears and Svalbard glaucous gulls. However, the true (if any real) effects of POPs in Arctic wildlife have to be put into the context of other environmental, ecological and physiological stressors (both anthropogenic and natural) that render an overall complex picture. For instance, seasonal changes in food intake and corresponding cycles of fattening and emaciation seen in Arctic animals can modify contaminant tissue distribution and toxicokinetics (contaminant deposition, metabolism and depuration). Also, other factors, including impact of climate change (seasonal ice and temperature changes, and connection to food web changes, nutrition, etc. in exposed biota), disease, species invasion and the connection to disease resistance will impact toxicant exposure. Overall, further research and better understanding of POP/OHC impact on animal performance in Arctic biota are recommended. Regardless, it could be argued that Arctic wildlife and fish at the highest potential risk of POP/OHC exposure and mediated effects are East Greenland, Svalbard and (West and South) Hudson Bay polar bears, Alaskan and Northern Norway killer whales, several species of gulls and other seabirds from the Svalbard area, Northern Norway, East Greenland, the Kara Sea and/or the Canadian central high Arctic, East Greenland ringed seal and a few populations of Arctic charr and Greenland shark.     

威海城市高层建筑控制研究

针对高层建筑开发给威海传统景观风貌带来的影响,借助于视觉安全格局途径,建立维护视觉感知过程的关键格局,甄别城市景观风貌保护的"底线"。从城市的天际线保护和视觉通廊保护两个方面,建立建筑高度的刚性控制框架以指导城市高层建筑的发展。     

Impact of the River Maine Drainage Scheme on Hydro-Power Generation

A comparison is made between pre- and post-drainage scheme river flows recorded on the River Maine, Co. Antrim. A method of using five-year reference periods has been applied to the mean daily flows to smooth and eliminate, as far as possible, variations due to climatic changes.
Any loss of energy production which might have been due to changes in river flow was examined for turbine installations at a factory at Cullybackey. The quantities of usable water, and hence potential energy production, were calculated for each of the post-scheme five-year periods and compared with a pre-scheme five-year reference period. Any potential loss was then represented by a depreciation factor. It was found that no measurable loss of potential energy production has occurred on the River Maine in the post-scheme period.